Batura Glacier is located in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, within the Karakoram mountain range. It is among the largest and longest glaciers outside the polar regions and is an important freshwater source for the region.

Mastication means chewing food in the mouth. This process breaks food into smaller pieces and mixes it with saliva, making swallowing easier and improving digestion by increasing the surface area for enzymes to act upon.

When sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), also known as baking soda, is heated, it decomposes and releases carbon dioxide gas (CO₂). The reaction also produces sodium carbonate and water, which is why baking soda is widely used in baking and fire extinguishers.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is responsible for the synthesis of lipids, including fats and steroids. It also helps in detoxification processes and calcium storage, especially in liver and muscle cells.

The devastating 1935 earthquake struck Quetta on 31 May 1935. It caused massive destruction and loss of life, making it one of the deadliest earthquakes in South Asian history and leading to improvements in building safety measures.