The Magna Carta, signed in 1215, limited the power of the English king and laid foundations for constitutional law.

The Great Barrier Reef, the world’s largest coral system, lies off the coast of Queensland, Australia.

The pancreas contains beta cells that synthesize and release insulin, regulating blood glucose levels.

Gabriel García Márquez wrote "One Hundred Years of Solitude", a landmark of magical realism and Latin American literature.

Copper was the first metal widely used by humans in the Chalcolithic period, preceding the Bronze Age when alloys were developed.

Mitochondria generate energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration, hence called the cell’s powerhouse.

Seismology is the study of earthquakes and seismic waves, helping scientists understand Earth’s interior and predict seismic risks.

Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, a Pashtun independence activist, was called the “Frontier Gandhi” for his nonviolent resistance.

Gold has atomic number 79 and symbol Au; its rarity and properties have made it historically valuable for currency and jewelry.

Ernest Rutherford discovered the nucleus and pioneered nuclear physics, earning the title “father of nuclear physics.”