The UN was established in 1945 after World War II to maintain international peace, replacing the failed League of Nations.

The Maya thrived in Central America, particularly Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras, known for their calendar, writing, and cities.

Karl Marx wrote *Das Kapital* (1867), a critique of capitalism, laying foundations for Marxist economic and political theory.

Winston Churchill used the term “Iron Curtain” in 1946 to describe the division of Eastern and Western Europe.

The Higgs Boson, discovered in 2012, is nicknamed the “God Particle” because it explains how particles acquire mass in physics.

Nitrogen makes up about 78% of Earth’s atmosphere, followed by oxygen, playing a crucial role in life and atmospheric stability.

Johannes Kepler established his laws (1609–19) describing elliptical orbits and planetary motion around the Sun.

The Achaemenid Persians built the Royal Road to link their vast empire, facilitating trade, communication, and military movement.

Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe (1519–1522); although he died en route, the voyage completed the circuit.

Qin Shi Huang (221 BCE) unified China, standardized writing, and began construction of the Great Wall.