The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre occurred on April 13, 1919, in Amritsar, Punjab, India.
General Reginald Dyer was in charge of the British troops that opened fire on a peaceful gathering of Indian nationalists who had assembled in Jallianwala Bagh.
The gathering was held to protest against the arrest and deportation of two popular Indian nationalist leaders, Satya Pal and Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew.
The Jallianwala Bagh was a small, enclosed park with high walls and only one narrow entrance, which made it difficult for people to escape when the troops opened fire.
The British troops fired on the unarmed crowd for about 10 minutes, until they ran out of ammunition.
The number of casualties is disputed, but it is estimated that between 379 and 1,000 people were killed, and over 1,200 were injured.
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre sparked outrage across India and led to widespread protests against British rule.
In response to the massacre, Mahatma Gandhi called for a nationwide strike, known as the Hartal, which lasted for three days.
The British government set up a committee of inquiry, known as the Hunter Commission, to investigate the massacre.
The Hunter Commission report was published in October 1920 and found that General Dyer had used excessive force in dealing with the crowd.
General Dyer was subsequently relieved of his command and forced to retire from the army.
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre is considered to be one of the most significant events in the history of the Indian independence movement.
The incident is also remembered as a symbol of British colonial oppression and brutality.
The Jallianwala Bagh Memorial was built at the site of the massacre to commemorate the victims and is now a popular tourist attraction.
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre continues to be a subject of controversy and debate, as the British government has yet to issue a formal apology for the incident.
