- 862: The establishment of the first East Slavic state, known as Kievan Rus.
- 988: Adoption of Christianity by Vladimir the Great, which laid the foundation for Orthodox Christianity in Russia.
- 1240: The Mongol invasion led by Batu Khan, resulting in the Mongol domination of the region for several centuries.
- 1462-1505: Reign of Ivan III, known as Ivan the Great, who expanded Muscovy’s territory and consolidated power.
- 1547-1584: Reign of Ivan IV, also known as Ivan the Terrible, who further expanded the Russian state and introduced a centralized administration.
- 1613: The end of the Time of Troubles and the beginning of the Romanov dynasty with the election of Mikhail Romanov as tsar.
- 1689: The Treaty of Nerchinsk between Russia and China, establishing the border between the two empires.
- 1703: The foundation of St. Petersburg by Peter the Great, which became the new capital of Russia in 1712.
- 1762-1796: Reign of Catherine the Great, during which Russia experienced significant territorial expansion and cultural development.
- 1812: The French invasion of Russia led by Napoleon Bonaparte, which resulted in the famous retreat of the Grande Armée.
- 1861: The emancipation of serfs, a major social reform introduced by Alexander II.
- 1905: The Bloody Sunday massacre in St. Petersburg, sparking protests and the beginning of the 1905 Russian Revolution.
- 1917: The February Revolution and the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, leading to the establishment of a provisional government.
- 1917: The October Revolution led by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks, leading to the establishment of the Soviet Union.
- 1922: The formation of the Soviet Union, comprising various republics, including the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR).
- 1941-1945: The Soviet Union’s participation in World War II, known as the Great Patriotic War in Russia, against Nazi Germany.
- 1953: The death of Joseph Stalin, the long-serving leader of the Soviet Union, leading to a period of de-Stalinization under his successors.
- 1961: Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human to orbit the Earth, marking a significant milestone in space exploration.
- 1985-1991: The era of Mikhail Gorbachev’s leadership and the policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring).
- 1991: The dissolution of the Soviet Union, leading to the emergence of the Russian Federation as an independent state.
- 1999-2000: Vladimir Putin becomes President of Russia, marking the beginning of his long tenure in power.
- 2008: The Russo-Georgian War, in which Russia and Georgia clashed over the breakaway regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia.
- 2014: The annexation of Crimea by Russia, following political turmoil in Ukraine.
2020: The COVID-19 pandemic, which affected Russia and the world, leading to significant social and economic impacts