Notable Treaties

• Treaty of Tordesillas (1494): Divided the newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal.
• Treaty of Westphalia (1648): Ended the Thirty Years’ War and established principles of state sovereignty.
• Treaty of Paris (1783): Ended the American Revolutionary War and recognized the United States as independent.
• Treaty of Versailles (1919): Ended World War I and imposed terms on Germany, leading to discontent and later conflicts.
• Geneva Conventions (1864, 1906, 1929, 1949): Established rules for humanitarian treatment during armed conflicts.
• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848): Ended the Mexican-American War, ceding territory from Mexico to the United States.
• Treaty of Nanjing (1842): Ended the First Opium War and opened Chinese ports to British trade.
• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918): Ended Russian involvement in World War I but resulted in territorial losses.
• Treaty of Portsmouth (1905): Ended the Russo-Japanese War and led to Japan’s emergence as a major power.
• Treaty of Rome (1957): Established the European Economic Community, the precursor to the European Union.
• Treaty of Utrecht (1713): Ended the War of Spanish Succession and reshaped European boundaries.
• Treaty of Nanking (1842): First of the unequal treaties between China and Western powers, following the Opium War.
• Treaty of Lisbon (2007): Amended the European Union’s governing treaties and increased its efficiency.
• Treaty of Waitangi (1840): Established British sovereignty over New Zealand and recognized Māori rights.
• Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748): Ended the War of Austrian Succession and restored territorial boundaries.
• Treaty of San Stefano (1878): Redrew boundaries in Eastern Europe after the Russo-Turkish War.
• Treaty of Ghent (1814): Ended the War of 1812 between the United States and Britain.
• Treaty of Berlin (1878): Redistributed territories in the Balkans following the Russo-Turkish War.
• Treaty of Tlatelolco (1967): Established a nuclear-weapon-free zone in Latin America and the Caribbean.
• Treaty of Sevres (1920): Dissolved the Ottoman Empire and led to the Turkish War of Independence.
• Treaty of Ryswick (1697): Ended the Nine Years’ War and maintained the territorial status quo.
• Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895): Ended the First Sino-Japanese War and recognized Korean independence.
• Treaty of Amritsar (1846): Ended the First Anglo-Sikh War and resulted in the annexation of Punjab by British India.
• Treaty of Lausanne (1923): Established the borders of modern Turkey and recognized its sovereignty.
• Treaty of Kadesh (1258 BCE): One of the earliest surviving peace treaties, between the Hittites and Egyptians.
• Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689): Established the Sino-Russian border and regulated trade between the two powers.
• Treaty of Adrianople (1829): Ended the Russo-Turkish War and granted autonomy to Greece.
• Treaty of Rarotonga (1985): Established the South Pacific Nuclear-Free Zone.
• Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689): Established the Sino-Russian border and regulated trade between the two powers.
• Treaty of Accession (1972): Enlarged the European Communities by admitting Denmark, Ireland, and the United Kingdom.
• Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659): Ended the war between France and Spain and solidified French territorial gains.
• Treaty of Alliance (1778): Forged an alliance between the United States and France during the American Revolution.
• Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919): Redefined Austria’s borders following World War I.
• Treaty of Trianon (1920): Redrew the borders of Hungary after World War I and led to territorial losses.
• Treaty of Bucharest (1918): Ended Romania’s involvement in World War I and expanded its territory.
• Treaty of Nice (2001): Modified the European Union’s governing treaties to prepare for enlargement.
• Treaty of Turkmenchay (1828): Ended the Russo-Persian War and resulted in territorial losses for Persia.
• Treaty of Hidalgo (1848): Ended the Mexican-American War and established the Rio Grande as the U.S.-Mexican border.
• Treaty of Friendship (1795): Established a Franco-American alliance during the French Revolution.
• Treaty of Sèvres (1920): Redistributed territories of the defeated Ottoman Empire but was later superseded.
• Treaty of Verdun (843): Divided the Carolingian Empire into three kingdoms, laying the foundation for modern France, Germany, and Italy.
• Treaty of Maastricht (1992): Created the European Union and paved the way for economic and political integration.
• Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868): Established territories and rights for Native American tribes in the United States.
• Treaty of Portsmouth (1905): Ended the Russo-Japanese War and earned Theodore Roosevelt a Nobel Peace Prize.
• Treaty of Rome (1924): Recognized the independence of the Kingdom of Hejaz, a precursor to Saudi Arabia.
• Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895): Ended the First Sino-Japanese War, recognizing Korea’s independence and ceding territories to Japan.
• Treaty of Tordesillas (1524): Revised the original Treaty of Tordesillas to accommodate Portugal’s interests in Brazil.
• Treaty of Taif (1989): Ended the Lebanese Civil War and introduced a new political framework for Lebanon.
• Treaty of Devol (1108): Settled the border dispute between the Byzantine Empire and the Kingdom of Croatia.

Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (1968): Aims to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and promote disarmament