The Great Barrier Reef, the world’s largest coral reef system, lies off Australia’s coast, stretching over 2,300 kilometers.

The Panama Canal, opened in 1914, links the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, greatly reducing shipping time between east and west.

William Harvey in 1628 demonstrated that blood circulates continuously through the body, powered by the heart, revolutionizing medicine.

The Rio Grande (Río Bravo) forms a long stretch of the US–Mexico border, serving as a geographic and political boundary.

Seismology is the study of earthquakes and seismic waves, helping scientists understand Earth’s interior and predict seismic risks.

The Dead Sea Scrolls were found in caves near Qumran, Israel, in the 1940s, containing ancient Jewish manuscripts.

Constantinople was renamed Istanbul officially in 1930 after the establishment of the Republic of Turkey under Atatürk.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacterial agent of tuberculosis, a contagious respiratory disease affecting millions worldwide.

Frank Gehry designed the Guggenheim Bilbao (opened 1997), noted for its curving titanium forms and revitalization of the city.

Lake Superior is the largest freshwater lake by surface area, shared by the United States and Canada.