Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacterial agent of tuberculosis, a contagious respiratory disease affecting millions worldwide.

Winston Churchill used the term “Iron Curtain” in 1946 to describe the division of Eastern and Western Europe.

Gabriel García Márquez wrote "One Hundred Years of Solitude", a landmark of magical realism and Latin American literature.

Mansa Musa of Mali (14th century) is often regarded as the wealthiest person ever due to immense gold reserves.

The Library of Alexandria was founded in the 3rd century BCE under the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt, becoming a hub of ancient learning.

The Suez Canal links the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, allowing direct shipping between Europe and Asia since 1869.

Marie Curie, with Pierre, discovered radium and polonium in 1898, pioneering radioactivity research and earning two Nobel Prizes.

The Higgs Boson, discovered in 2012, is nicknamed the “God Particle” because it explains how particles acquire mass in physics.

The Hagia Sophia in Constantinople was built under Byzantine Emperor Justinian in 537 CE as a grand cathedral.

The Parthenon, built in the 5th century BCE, was a temple honoring Athena, the patron goddess of Athens.