- Indian National Congress (INC): The INC won a majority of seats in the following provinces:
- Madras: 127 out of 215 seats
- Bombay: 89 out of 175 seats
- Central Provinces: 40 out of 90 seats
- Orissa: 23 out of 60 seats
- Bihar: 66 out of 152 seats
- United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh): 110 out of 228 seats
- Assam: 23 out of 108 seats
- They did not win any seats in the following Muslim-majority provinces:
- Punjab: 2 out of 84 seats
- Bengal: 27 out of 119 seats
- North West Frontier Province (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa): 0 out of 50 seats
- All India Muslim League (AIML): The AIML won a majority of seats in the following provinces:
- Punjab: 73 out of 84 seats
- Bengal: 113 out of 119 seats
- Sind: 26 out of 30 seats
- North West Frontier Province: 17 out of 50 seats
- They did not win any seats in the following Hindu-majority provinces:
- Madras: 0 out of 215 seats
- Bombay: 0 out of 175 seats
- Central Provinces: 0 out of 90 seats
- Orissa: 0 out of 60 seats
- Bihar: 0 out of 152 seats
- United Provinces: 0 out of 228 seats
- Assam: 0 out of 108 seats
- Unionist Party: The Unionist Party won a significant number of seats in Punjab, but lost to the AIML in the Muslim-majority areas. They won:
- Punjab: 22 out of 84 seats
- Scheduled Castes Federation: The Scheduled Castes Federation won a significant number of seats in the following provinces:
- Bombay: 10 out of 175 seats
- Punjab: 7 out of 84 seats
- Other Parties: Other smaller parties and independent candidates won a few seats in different provinces.
The members of the Interim Cabinet of India and their portfolios were:
- Jawaharlal Nehru: Prime Minister, External Affairs, Commonwealth Relations, and Scientific Research
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel: Home Affairs, Information and Broadcasting
- Liaquat Ali Khan: Finance, Commerce and Industry, and Education
- Rajendra Prasad: Food and Agriculture, Education, and Health
- Baldev Singh: Defence
- H. Bhabha: Works, Mines, and Power
- Asaf Ali: Railways and Transport
- John Mathai: Industries and Supplies, and Communications
- Jagjivan Ram: Labour, and Rehabilitation
- Sardar Baldev Singh: Defence
- Sardar Swaran Singh: Works, Mines, and Power
- Syama Prasad Mookerjee: Industry and Supply
- Ghazanfar Ali Khan: Health