Guglielmo Marconi successfully transmitted radio signals over long distances and is widely recognized as the pioneer of practical wireless communication. His experiments laid the foundation for modern radio, television, and wireless technology.

Max Planck introduced quantum theory in 1900 while studying blackbody radiation. His work revolutionized modern physics by showing that energy is emitted in discrete packets called quanta, laying the foundation for quantum mechanics.

A supernova occurs when a star explodes violently at the end of its life cycle. This massive explosion releases enormous energy and can briefly outshine entire galaxies while spreading heavy elements into space that later form planets and stars.

When sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), also known as baking soda, is heated, it decomposes and releases carbon dioxide gas (CO₂). The reaction also produces sodium carbonate and water, which is why baking soda is widely used in baking and fire extinguishers.

The Paris Climate Conference, also known as COP21, was held in 2015 in Paris, France. Countries from around the world adopted the Paris Agreement to limit global warming and reduce greenhouse gas emissions through international cooperation.

Qadirpur Gas Field, located in Sindh, is one of Pakistan’s largest natural gas fields and is operated by Oil and Gas Development Company Limited (OGDCL). It plays a major role in supplying natural gas to industries and households.

Most enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts in living organisms. They speed up chemical reactions necessary for digestion, metabolism, respiration, and many other cellular activities without being consumed themselves.

Parthenocarpy is the development of fruits without fertilization, resulting in seedless fruits. Common examples include bananas and some varieties of grapes and oranges widely preferred in commercial agriculture.

Stomata close when guard cells lose water and become less turgid. This process helps plants reduce water loss through transpiration, especially during hot or dry environmental conditions.

The devastating 1935 earthquake struck Quetta on 31 May 1935. It caused massive destruction and loss of life, making it one of the deadliest earthquakes in South Asian history and leading to improvements in building safety measures.