Ethiopia suffered a devastating famine during 1983–1985 due to drought, conflict, and economic problems. Millions were affected, and the crisis drew global humanitarian attention and international relief efforts.

Villi are tiny finger-like projections found in the small intestine. They increase the surface area for absorption of digested nutrients into the bloodstream, making digestion and nutrient uptake highly efficient.

A standard mechanical stopwatch is commonly designed to measure time intervals as small as one-tenth of a second (0.1 sec). Such precision is useful in laboratories, sports timing, and scientific experiments requiring accurate measurements.

A supernova occurs when a star explodes violently at the end of its life cycle. This massive explosion releases enormous energy and can briefly outshine entire galaxies while spreading heavy elements into space that later form planets and stars.

The Rio Earth Summit, officially called the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), was held in June 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It focused on sustainable development, environmental protection, and climate-related policies.

Platelets, also called thrombocytes, are tiny blood components responsible for blood clotting. They gather at injury sites and help form clots to stop bleeding, preventing excessive blood loss and supporting wound healing.

Qadirpur Gas Field, located in Sindh, is one of Pakistan’s largest natural gas fields and is operated by Oil and Gas Development Company Limited (OGDCL). It plays a major role in supplying natural gas to industries and households.

Benjamin Franklin invented the lightning rod to protect buildings from lightning strikes and also designed bifocal spectacles to help people see both near and distant objects. His inventions greatly influenced science and daily life.

Sulphur dioxide contributes to acid rain formation, which corrodes iron and steel structures over time. Industrial pollution releasing this gas can weaken bridges, buildings, and monuments by accelerating rusting and chemical deterioration.

Dengue fever is primarily transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. This mosquito breeds in stagnant water and is active during daytime, spreading viral diseases such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya.