The Great Depression began with the US stock market crash of 1929, leading to global economic hardship throughout the 1930s.

The Bastille’s fall in 1789 marked the start of the French Revolution, symbolizing the people’s fight against tyranny.

The Achaemenid Persians built the Royal Road to link their vast empire, facilitating trade, communication, and military movement.

The Roswell incident is linked to alleged UFO sightings, though officials claimed it was a weather balloon, fueling conspiracy theories.

Sputnik 1, launched in 1957 by the USSR, was the first artificial satellite, beginning the space race.

The Epic of Gilgamesh is a Mesopotamian poem from Sumer, considered the world’s earliest surviving literary masterpiece.

Isaac Newton formulated universal gravitation, showing that bodies attract with a force proportional to mass and inversely to distance squared.

Gold has atomic number 79 and symbol Au; its rarity and properties have made it historically valuable for currency and jewelry.

Immanuel Kant’s *Critique of Practical Reason* (1788) focused on ethics, freedom, and the role of moral law.

The official title is *Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel*, established in 1968 by Sweden’s bank.