The Bastille’s fall in 1789 marked the start of the French Revolution, symbolizing the people’s fight against tyranny.

The Battle of Hastings saw William the Conqueror defeat King Harold II, bringing Norman rule and cultural transformation to England.

Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, a Pashtun independence activist, was called the “Frontier Gandhi” for his nonviolent resistance.

Gold has atomic number 79 and symbol Au; its rarity and properties have made it historically valuable for currency and jewelry.

The Magna Carta, signed in 1215, limited the power of the English king and laid foundations for constitutional law.

Michelangelo painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling (1508–1512), a masterpiece of Renaissance art depicting biblical scenes in fresco.

The Sahara Desert in Africa is the largest hot desert, covering 9.2 million sq km, though Antarctica is the largest overall desert.

The Opium Wars (1839–42, 1856–60) were conflicts between China and Britain over opium trade, leading to unequal treaties.

Akbar introduced the Zabti system, measuring land and fixing tax rates based on productivity, improving revenue collection efficiency.

DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic Acid, carries genetic instructions in living organisms, forming the blueprint of biological development.