The Batura Glacier is located in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, within the Karakoram mountain range. It is one of the longest glaciers outside the polar regions, stretching approximately 57 kilometers. This glacier is significant because it contributes to the Hunza River, which is part of the Indus River system—Pakistan’s main water source. Glaciers like Batura are crucial for maintaining water supply for agriculture, hydropower, and daily use. Unlike many glaciers worldwide that are retreating due to climate change, some glaciers in the Karakoram region, including Batura, have shown relative stability or even slight growth, a phenomenon known as the “Karakoram anomaly.” Although the Karakoram range extends into China, the Batura Glacier lies within Pakistani territory. Afghanistan and Tibet do not contain this glacier. Thus, Pakistan is the correct answer. Understanding glacier locations is important for geography, environmental science, and water resource management.

Stomata are tiny openings on the surface of leaves that regulate gas exchange and water loss. They are controlled by guard cells, which change shape based on water content. When guard cells gain water, they become turgid and open the stomata, allowing carbon dioxide to enter for photosynthesis. When they lose water, they become flaccid and close the stomata to prevent excessive water loss through transpiration. This mechanism is essential for plant survival, especially in dry conditions. It helps maintain water balance while still allowing necessary gas exchange. The other options are incorrect because gaining water opens stomata, and mutation is unrelated. Thus, stomata close when guard cells lose water, making option A correct. This concept is fundamental in plant physiology and ecology.

Zahid Hussain was the first Governor of the State Bank of Pakistan when it was established in 1948. The State Bank serves as the central bank of the country and is responsible for monetary policy, currency issuance, and financial stability. As the first governor, Zahid Hussain played a crucial role in setting up the banking system of the newly independent Pakistan. His leadership helped establish financial institutions and regulatory frameworks. Other options include later officials or unrelated figures. Shamshad Akhtar served much later, while Malik Ghulam Muhammad was a political figure. Thus, Zahid Hussain is the correct answer, marking an important milestone in Pakistan’s economic history.

Balochistan became a province in 1970 after administrative reforms. Thus correct is 1970.

The International Day to Combat Desertification and Drought is observed annually on 17th June. This day was established by the United Nations to raise awareness about land degradation, desertification, and drought, which affect millions of people worldwide. Desertification refers to the degradation of land in arid and semi-arid regions, often caused by deforestation, overgrazing, poor irrigation practices, and climate change. It leads to reduced agricultural productivity, food insecurity, and displacement of populations. The observance encourages governments, organizations, and individuals to adopt sustainable land management practices. It also promotes international cooperation to address environmental challenges. The other dates mentioned are incorrect because the UN officially designated 17th June for this purpose. Recognizing such international days is important in exams as they reflect global awareness campaigns. Therefore, 17th June is the correct answer, highlighting efforts to combat environmental degradation and ensure sustainable land use.