Rainfall is measured using a rain gauge, a meteorological instrument designed to collect and measure precipitation. It typically consists of a funnel that directs rainwater into a measuring cylinder. The amount of rainfall is recorded in millimeters, representing the depth of water that would accumulate on a flat surface. Accurate rainfall data is essential for agriculture, flood prediction, and weather forecasting. A hydrometer measures liquid density, not rainfall. “Rain meter” and “hydroscope” are not standard instruments. Thus, rain gauge is the correct answer. It is widely used by meteorological departments worldwide.

Mars has two natural satellites, Phobos and Deimos. These moons were discovered in 1877 by astronomer Asaph Hall. They are small, irregularly shaped bodies, believed to be captured asteroids or formed from debris. Phobos is the larger moon and orbits very close to Mars, completing a revolution in about 7 hours. Deimos is smaller and orbits farther away, taking about 30 hours. Unlike Earth, which has one moon, and Mercury and Venus, which have none, Mars has two moons. This makes option B correct. These moons are of great scientific interest because they provide clues about the formation and evolution of the solar system. Future missions may explore them further. Thus, the correct answer is 2.

Zahid Hussain was the first Governor of the State Bank of Pakistan when it was established in 1948. The State Bank serves as the central bank of the country and is responsible for monetary policy, currency issuance, and financial stability. As the first governor, Zahid Hussain played a crucial role in setting up the banking system of the newly independent Pakistan. His leadership helped establish financial institutions and regulatory frameworks. Other options include later officials or unrelated figures. Shamshad Akhtar served much later, while Malik Ghulam Muhammad was a political figure. Thus, Zahid Hussain is the correct answer, marking an important milestone in Pakistan’s economic history.

Pancreatic enzymes are released into the duodenum where they aid digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Mastication refers to the process of chewing food in the mouth. It is the first step of digestion, where food is broken down into smaller pieces by the teeth and mixed with saliva. Saliva contains enzymes such as amylase, which begin the chemical digestion of carbohydrates. Chewing also increases the surface area of food, making it easier for digestive enzymes to act. Assimilation refers to the use of absorbed nutrients by the body, absorption is the uptake of nutrients into the bloodstream, and excretion is the removal of waste. Thus, chewing of food is the correct answer. Mastication is essential for proper digestion and nutrient absorption. Understanding digestive processes is important in biology and health sciences.