Qadirpur Gas Field, located in Sindh, is the second largest gas field operated by Oil and Gas Development Company Limited (OGDCL) in Pakistan. It was discovered in 1989 and plays a major role in supplying natural gas for domestic and industrial use. The largest gas field in Pakistan is Sui, located in Balochistan, which makes it incorrect for this question. Qadirpur follows as the second largest and contributes significantly to energy production. The gas extracted from Qadirpur is used for electricity generation, fertilizer production, and household consumption. Its development has helped strengthen Pakistan’s energy security. Kohat and Gwadar are not major gas fields under OGDCL. Therefore, Qadirpur is the correct answer. Understanding such fields is important for exams and also provides insight into Pakistan’s energy resources and economic development.

Crude oil is heated to about 400°C in refineries to vaporize hydrocarbons for fractional distillation. This allows separation into petrol, diesel, and other fractions based on boiling points.

Amjad Hussain Sial from Pakistan served as the Secretary-General of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation). SAARC is a regional organization that promotes economic and cultural cooperation among South Asian countries. The Secretary-General is responsible for coordinating activities, implementing decisions, and facilitating cooperation among member states. The position rotates among member countries. Antonio Guterres is the UN Secretary-General, not SAARC. Ajay Bisaria is an Indian diplomat, and Arjun Bahadur Thapa is a former SAARC Secretary-General. Thus, Amjad Hussain Sial is the correct answer in this context, reflecting leadership within regional cooperation frameworks.

The Paris Climate Conference (COP21) was held in 2015, leading to the Paris Agreement aimed at limiting global warming below 2°C.

Producers, mainly green plants, require nitrogen for synthesizing proteins, nucleic acids, and chlorophyll. However, they cannot directly use atmospheric nitrogen (N₂), which is chemically inert. Instead, they absorb nitrogen in usable forms such as ammonia (NH₃), ammonium ions (NH₄⁺), or nitrates (NO₃⁻). Ammonia is produced through biological nitrogen fixation by certain bacteria, which convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form plants can absorb. This process is crucial for maintaining the nitrogen cycle in ecosystems. CO₂ is used by plants in photosynthesis but does not provide nitrogen. N₂, although abundant in the atmosphere, cannot be directly utilized by plants without conversion. NH₄NO₃ is a fertilizer that provides nitrogen, but the fundamental absorbed form at the biochemical level is ammonia/ammonium. Thus, NH₃ is the correct answer. Understanding nutrient cycles is essential for grasping ecosystem functioning and is a common topic in competitive exams. This concept highlights the importance of microorganisms in supporting plant life and maintaining ecological balance.