Budget 2026-2027

Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe (1519–1522); although he died en route, the voyage completed the circuit.

South Korea uses the Won (KRW), distinct from Japan’s Yen and China’s Yuan, reflecting its independent economic identity.

Garrett Hardin explained in 1968 that shared resources tend to be overused and depleted if individuals act solely in self-interest.

Japan uses the yen (JPY), introduced in 1871, and it remains one of the most traded currencies worldwide.

The Rosetta Stone (1799) allowed scholars to decode Egyptian hieroglyphics using its Greek translation.

The Louvre in Paris is the world’s largest art museum, housing the *Mona Lisa* and countless treasures of global civilization.

James Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932, completing the model of atomic structure and earning the Nobel Prize in Physics.

Nicolaus Copernicus proposed the heliocentric model in 1543, stating Earth revolves around the Sun, challenging geocentric beliefs.

Constantinople was renamed Istanbul officially in 1930 after the establishment of the Republic of Turkey under Atatürk.

The Dead Sea Scrolls, found in caves near Qumran in Israel (1947), include ancient Jewish texts vital to biblical scholarship.