Charles Darwin published "On the Origin of Species" (1859), proposing natural selection as a mechanism for evolution.

Orville and Wilbur Wright achieved the first powered flight on December 17, 1903, at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

Winston Churchill used “Iron Curtain” in 1946 to describe the political and ideological divide between Soviet-controlled East and West.

Friedrich Nietzsche wrote “God is dead” in *The Gay Science* (1882), reflecting on decline of religion in modern society.

Jupiter rotates in under 10 hours, making it the fastest-spinning planet, contributing to its flattened shape at the poles.